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DENTAL INFORMATION
A list of topics covering preferred fields of dental knowledge to help your understanding on procedures and materials. Just click on the treatment of your choice to read it.
If after reading it you are still looking for an answer about dental treatments or dental techniques you may read Frequently Asked Questions or contact us here; we then forward your specific question to one of our dentists who will answer it.
Cosmetic Dentistry
> Tooth Whitening
> Aesthetic fillings
> Porcelain Veneers
> Gum Contouring
Restorative Dentistry
> Broken Teeth
> Crown&Bridgework
> Dentures > Dental Implant supported dentures
> Root Canal Treatment
Preventive Dentistry
> Dental Hygiene
> Bad Breath
> Gum Disease
> Decay detection
> Mouth cancer screening
Oral Surgery
> Wisdom Teeth extraction
> Other extractions
> Implantation
> Sinus lift
Gnathology
Orthodontics
Peridodontics
Dental Dictionary
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COSMETIC DENTISTRY
> Tooth whitening
All of your teeth do not share the same natural colour. Usually your eye teeth tend to be darker than the others, your front teeth are usually the whitest, and molars tend to shade between the other two. When applying whitening, the aim for everyone is to achieve their individual optimum whiteness while still looking natural. During your first consultation, your dentist at Premiere Dental will examine what you personally can expect for your specific smile. The whiteness of the teeth after a given procedure usually varies from person to person. The structure of your teeth and the type of procedure implemented will affect the outcome.
What causes teeth discoloration?
Discoloration of teeth enamel can be caused by many factors, including staining, aging, or chemical damage to teeth. Some of the most common causes of teeth discoloration are medications, coffee, tea or cigarettes, but drinking significant amounts of cola soft drinks can result in similar staining.
Aside from staining, there are other factors that can affect the colour of an individual's teeth. Genetic features of individuals can also play a role. Some people have naturally brighter enamel than others. Disease can also be a factor and certain medications can cause a discoloration of the teeth.
What is the procedure of teeth whitening?
Before any whitening procedure our dentist or a special hygienist will thoroughly clean the teeth in order to remove any surface stains and tartar. This is often referred to as scale and polish. As a next step the dentist will make a record of your actual teeth colour so in the end you can have a clear view of what results had been achieved.
The bleaching compound usually contains a high concentration of peroxide (10-40%, depending on the whitening system used). Peroxide might cause irritation on your gums, therefore the dentist usually places some form of protection around the gums so that only the teeth are exposed to the compound. A common form of protections is using a special gel that hardens once applied to the gums.
As a result of the latest technologies, our dentists are able to provide you with a gentle working teeth whitening system which does not require protection for the gums.
How much whiter my teeth will look?
There is no ultimate rule: the whiteness of teeth after the procedure varies from individual to individual and it is also dependent on the type of whitening system used. Some people respond very well to teeth whitening due to their genetics and have dramatic whitening results whereas others will notice very little difference in shades. Our cosmetic dentist will be able to advise you on the likely results expected.
How long does teeth whitening last?
Unfortunately, teeth whitening do not provide a permanent solution. Results can last from one to more years, depending upon your personal habits such as foods you eat, smoking, coffee, cola type soft drinks. In 98 % of cases, the whitening procedure is very effective and provides a very pleasing result for our patients.
Does teeth whitening hurt or have any side effects?
You do not have to worry; whitening procedure does not cause any pain. Some people experience no sensitivity at all. However, the majority of people might experience some kind of sensitivity either during and / or after the whitening procedure. This should settle down the latest in 48-72 hours. Our cosmetic dentist may give you a special gel to apply to your teeth to help with the sensitivity. We suggest avoiding hot or cold food or drinks within the first 48 hours of your whitening treatment.
> Aesthetic fillings
White fillings or so-called called composite fillings are highly aesthetic fillings made of tooth coloured materials. Composite fillings can be used for bonding in order to improve your smile by changing the colour, shape and size of a tooth, to fix a broken tooth invisibly. They are good solution in many cosmetic procedures including: filling dental cavities, repairing chipped or broken teeth, closing gaps between teeth, reshaping teeth or for smile makeovers in form of composite veneers.
Can this material be used for all types of cavities?
Bonding is not suitable if you have large cavities in your teeth as the material does not have a strong structure over large areas. It is rather ideal for smaller fillings that are not exposed to great forces.
What is bonding?
Bonding is the procedure when the tooth coloured material hardens for a special light.
> Porcelain veneers
Dental veneers are custom-made ceramic shells of tooth-like colour that, when “cemented” to the front surface of the teeth, can cover worn tooth enamel, uneven tooth alignment or spacing and chips or cracks. Dental veneers create a bright, white smile with beautifully aligned, shapely teeth.
In addition to being aesthetically pleasing, dental veneers can also serve a functional purpose by protecting the surface of a damaged tooth. Depending on the case, veneers can replace the need for a dental crown, eliminating the need for more invasive tooth preparation.
Dental veneers are quite thin, therefore they might require only a little reshaping of your teeth before bonding. Once veneers are bonded they provide an aesthetic look just as they protect the surface. Since veneers are very thin, your dentist may advise you against certain uses or dietary tendencies (such as eating carrots). Dentists sometimes advise wearing a protective appliance while sleeping, especially for those who are bruxer (bruxism: grinding of the teeth)
> Gum contouring
Healthy gum tissue compliments and frames the teeth. If your gums are well contoured, your teeth and smile will look healthier. A gummy smile though with swollen gum tissue can make your teeth and smile look unhealthy and unattractive for those who see it. Consequently, the owner of such smile might loses self-confidence due responses received after smiling. If your teeth look too small or too short due to disproportionate size relationship between your teeth and gums, you may consider laser gum contouring. This procedure can make your teeth look like they are out of line or give them a flat appearance. Laser gum contouring can remove the excess gum tissue around your teeth in order to expose more of the crown of your tooth. Gum contouring can also be used if your gums are uneven around your teeth.
RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY
>Broken Teeth
If you have a broken or chipped tooth it is best to have that tooth evaluated by your dentist immediately since it can lead to further problems and an immediate minor treatment can save you the bill of a necessarily more extensive series of treatments in the future.
Types of treamtents for restoring a broken tooth may vary according to the amount of tooth chipped or broken. A very small chip may be corrected immediately by shaping the enamel. If the chip is a
little larger, the best options may include bonding with composite material or a veneer. In case the chip is on a
molar, an onlay may be appropriate.
Dental crown is generally suggested when the chip is large or the tooth is fractured. When the fracture involves the nerve as well, root canal therapy may be
necessary before the tooth is crowned. It is important to have a broken tooth
crowned before it becomes infected! In extreme cases where the
tooth cannot be saved, extraction is the necessary solution. A missing tooth
can be replaced with placing a bridge over it or placing a single tooth fixed on an implant in its place. Please note, that only a dentist can properly diagnose and suggest the best course of treatment for your particular problem.
> Crown and Bridgework
ORAL SURGERY
> Wisdom Teeth extraction
> Other extractions
> Implantation
> Sinus lift
You can only undertake a successful dental Implant operation if you have
sufficient bone in your jaw. In case you have lost your teeth, however, the
bone that once supported them becomes weaker and looses substance. Frequently
there is not enough sufficient bone left to support an implant. Sinus lift
procedure is a safe solution to increase the amount of bone in the upper jaw.
This procedure involves placing bone-graft material in the sinus cavity, above
the upper jaw to increase the height and width of bone where the implant will
be placed. Bone graft material is a special material which is able to unite
with natural bone and to strengthen its structure. Sinus lift is a well-established and pain-free operation.
During th initial consultation your bone will be examined to accurately determine whether you require sinus lift treatment to become suitable for implantation.
Sinus lift operation is usually undertaken at the same time with placing
the actual implant. The patient is taken under either sedation (plus local
anaesthetics) or supervised general anaesthesia to maintain comfort and avoid
any pain. First the dentist gently opens the sinus and lifts the wall of the
cavity in order to create place for the bone graft material which is then
fitted into that space. After closing that space the dentist places the
implants as well in their place. Bone graft material usually needs up to 6
months time to unite with the bone which will also accommodate the time needed
for the implants to become united and fixed into the jaw.
ORTHODONTICS
This type of procedure takes a series of treatments at your specialist in order to achieve satisfying results: perfect aesthetics and function of your teeth. For that orthodontists use two main types of braces: fix and removable braces. Fixed braces can be made of metal or some sort of aesthetic material, according to the patient's requirements.
First the dentist makes a full assessment of the patient's health condition and history to more or less find out what type of treatment is needed for that particular case. Following that, the dentist involves the patient in a consultation where they discuss the advantages and disadvantages of possible treatments and record the details of the patient. If there is need for an orthodontic treatment further examinations are required in order to provide an accurate treatment plan. During the final consultation previous to the treatment, patients (parents also) and the orthodontist set the final plan and discuss the following procedure and its costs. Proper oral health conditions are essential fundamental of a successful treatment, therefore prior to the series of treatments the patient should visit a general dentist to have all cavities and decay removed and cleaned out.
The next step is to start the treatment: the patient is either given a removable appliance or the orthodontist places it onto the teeth and fixes it. The dentist provides the patient with necessary advice and suggestions on wearing and keeping the appliance clean. The dentist usually gives directions for the patient to know what special tooth brushing technique is the best to use. Many people don't know that orthodontics is special field inside dentistry, therefore it's best to visit a specialist with the proper level of knowledge if you have been suggested this treatment by your dentist.
Dental Dictionary
Abrasion: When tooth structure is removed due to rubbing and scraping (e.g. incorrect
brushing method)
Abscess: A collection of
pus. Usually appears due to infection.
Abutment: The piece which
connects to the implant and allows the replacement tooth to fit on top of the
implant.
Amalgam: A silver filling
material, it’s been used for filling cavities for decades, lately its usage is
being replaced by more aesthetic materials (e.g. different porcelain)
Anaesthetic: An agent that causes
temporary loss of feeling pain.
Anterior: The front
position.
Apex: The end of the
root.
Bitewing: A kind of dental
x-ray which is taken with the teeth bite together. Its function is to detect
cavity in-between teeth and to accurately measure height of bone support.
Bleaching: Old fashioned name of tooth
whitening.
Bridge: A set of crowns,
in a chain-like position, in order to replace more than one missing teeth.
Bruxism: Teeth grinding.
Canine: The third tooth
from the middle of the jaw. Humans have 4 of them; they are the longest human
teeth.
Canker sore: ulceration with
yellow base and red border in mouth. It can be caused by trauma or herpes
simplex virus.
Caries: Tooth decay.
Cavity: A hole on the
tooth.
Cast: A
model of teeth.
Cementation: The process of
gluing or “cementing” the appliance on the associated area.
Chlorhexidine: An anti-microbial
agent. It is available in many forms such as gels and rinses. It is an
effective agent in controlling gum diseases.
Clasp: A metal arm
extends from a removable partial denture. It helps to hold on to natural tooth
structure and thus provide anchorage for the denture.
Cold sore: An ulcer or
blister on lip. A form of herpes simplex.
Composite filling: White or tooth
coloured filling.
Cross-bite: An abnormal bite
relationship of upper and lower jaw. The lower teeth/tooth aligns toward the
lip side more than the upper teeth/tooth.
Crown
(porcelain/plastic/metal): Dental crowns are actually "caps" covering
the whole chewing surface of the teeth.
Decay: The rotten part of
the tooth.
Dentition: The position,
type, and number of teeth in upper and lower jaw.
Denture: There are many different types of dentures such as immediate,
complete, partial, overdenture and temporary denture. Dentures are actually artificial objects
to replace missing teeth and their neighbouring structures.
Denturist: The person who
specializes in fabricating dentures. After taking impressions of the
surrounding oral tissues, the denturist constructs and delivers removable oral
prosthesis. They should not be confused with prosthodontist, who are qualified dentists
to make fixed or removable appliances for patients.
Desensitization: A procedure to
reduce the sensitivity of teeth.
Diastema: The space in-between
two adjacent teeth.
Edentulous: Without teeth.
Patients are fully edentulous when they are missing all of their teeth.
Patients are partially edentulous when they are missing only some of their
teeth.
Endodontics: A branch of dentistry
involves diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental pulp (where the nerves
and blood vessels inside the tooth).
Eruption: The process of the
tooth appearing in the mouth.
Excision: The action of
cutting something off.
Filling: A restoration, usually
used to fill cavities.
Floss: A thread/tape used
for cleaning the space between two teeth.
Fluoride Treatment: Teeth
treatment with fluoride agents like gel or rinse. It helps to prevent tooth decay.
Gingivitis: The mildest form
of gum disease: inflammation of gum. The earliest sign is bleeding gum.
Impaction: A condition that a
tooth is not able to come in normally or stuck underneath another tooth or
bone.
Implant:
A titanium screw which is placed into the jawbone to act as a substitute for
the root of a natural tooth.
Impression: A mold used to
take the shape of one or more teeth.
Incisal: The cutting edge
of front teeth.
Incisor: The four upper and
lower front teeth.
Inlay:
A restoration (usually is gold, composite or ceramics) which is fabricated in the lab and
cements on tooth exactly fitting its shape.
Lingual: The side of the
tooth towards the tongue.
Mesial: The side of the
tooth towards the middle of the jaw.
Molar: The last 3 upper
and lower teeth on both side of the mouth.
Mouth guard: A device to be
worn in the mouth. Depending on its design, it prevents injury on teeth and/or
jaw during teeth grinding or sport events.
Night-guard: A mouth guard
which is worn at night time.
Occlusal: The biting surface
of molars.
Occlusion: The way in which
the upper and lower teeth close together.
Onlay: A restoration that
covers the entire biting surface of a tooth.
Open bite: The situation that
the upper teeth not able to contact the opposing lower teeth.
Orthodontics: A special field in
dentistry which involves diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bite
abnormalities or facial irregularities.
Osseo-integration: The biological
process where the surrounding bone unites with the dental implant.
Overbite: The overlap of
upper teeth and lower teeth when they close together.
Palate: The roof of the
mouth.
Panoramic x-ray, orthopantograph:
An
x-ray film to obtain the wide view of upper and lower jaw and their associated
structures.
Periapical: The surrounding of
the bottom of the root of a tooth.
Periodontics: A branch of
dentistry that involves diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of supporting units
of teeth.
Pin: Usually
used for better retention of a filling.
Polish: A process where
the dentist makes the tooth smooth and glossy.
Pontic: The false tooth in
a bridge or denture to replace the missing tooth.
Post: A pin made from
different materials such as metal or ceramics. Its function is to support a big
restoration on a tooth.
Posterior: Locate at the
back.
Pre-medication: Medication to be
taken before treatment.
Premolar: The two teeth
located in front of the molar
Primary teeth: Baby teeth.
Prophylaxis: The procedure of
teeth polishing. It also means the prevention of diseases.
Prosthesis: It consists of more than one artificial teeth in the mouth.
Prosthodontics: A specialty of
dentistry involving diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabrication of
artificial parts to replace missing teeth and their associated structures.
Pulp: Can be found in
the root canal of the teeth. It contains nerves and blood vessels:
Pulpectomy: The removal of the
whole pulp inside a tooth.
Pulpotomy: The removal of the
top part of the pulp inside a tooth.
Radiograph: An x-ray picture.
Resorption: When teeth are
missing, the surrounding bone begins to shrink. This unhealthy bone loss can
make your jaw-line recede.
Restoration: An item a dentist
uses to restore the normal function of a tooth or an area in the mouth. It can
be a filling, crown, bridge, etc.
Restorative Dentist: Refers to the practitioner
who fits your replacement teeth. Retainer: A device used for maintaining
the position of teeth in the jaw in orthodontic treatment.
Root: The bottom part of
tooth. It anchors the tooth to the bone.
Root canal: The canal that
runs inside the root of the tooth. The nerves and blood vessels can be found
here.
Root canal treatment:
A
treatment for the root canal inside the tooth.
Root planning: The action of
cleaning the root area of teeth.
Scaling: This refers to
the action of cleaning the teeth below the gum-line.
Sealant: A thin layer of
plastic-like material covers the grooves and pits on a tooth to prevent cavity.
Sedation: The use of
medication to calm down or ease the stress of a patient.
Splint: An appliance or a
material to prevent movement of a mobile part.
Surgeon: Refers to the
clinician who places the implant into your jawbone.
Torus: An outgrowth on bone.
It usually develops on the roof of the mouth or around the premolar area in the
lower jaw.
Veneer: Veneers are ultra-thin ceramic shells (can be made of porcelain, composite, or ceramics) attached to the front of the teeth. They are used improve the appearance of the teeth and equalize the differences in the front teeth line.
Wisdom tooth: It is the last tooth in the back of the mouth regarding position and also the last one to appear and grow.
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